“For every inch of forward head posture, it can increase the weight of the head on the spine by an additional 10 pounds.” Kapandji, Physiology of Joints, Vol 3.

How to Improve Your Posture

From wikihow.com

Are you worried about looking like the Hunchback of Notre Dame? Here's a pain-free and effective method for safely assuming a 'correct' posture and improving muscle tone.

1. 1 
   Sit in an office chair. 
2. 2 
   Align your back with the back of the office chair. Avoid slouching or leaning forward, especially when tired from sitting in the office chair for long periods. Keep your shoulders straight. 
3. 3 
   Flex your arms at a 75- to 90-degree angle at the elbows. You may have to adjust the office chair. 
4. 4 
   Make sure your neck, back, and heels are all aligned. 
5. 5 
   Keep both feet flat on the floor. If there's a problem with feet reaching the floor comfortably, a footrest can be used along with the office chair. 

1. 1 
   Stand with weight mostly on the balls of the feet, not with weight on the heels. Avoid locking your knees. 
2. 2 
   Keep feet slightly apart, about shoulder-width. 
3. 3 
   Let arms hang naturally down the sides of the body. 
4. 4 
   Tuck the chin in a little to keep the head level. Be sure the head is square on top of the neck and spine, not pushed out forward 
5. 5 
   Stand straight and tall, with shoulders upright. 
6. 6 
   Stand against a wall with shoulders and bottom touching wall. In this position, the back of the head should also touch the wall - if it does not, the head is carried too far forward (anterior head carriage). 

1. 1 
   Keep the head up and eyes looking straight ahead. Avoid pushing your head forward. 
2. 2 
   Keep shoulders properly aligned with the rest of the body. 

1. 1 
   Sit with the back firmly against the seat for proper back support. The seat should be a proper distance from the pedals and steering wheel to avoid leaning forward or reaching. 
2. 2 
   The headrest should support the middle of the head to keep it upright. Tilt the headrest forward if possible to make sure that the head-to-headrest distance is not more than four inches. 
    

1. 1 
   Always bend at the knees, not the waist. 
2. 2 
   Use the large leg and stomach muscles for lifting, not the lower back. 
3. 3 
   If necessary, get a supportive belt to help maintain good posture while lifting. 
4. 4 
   Keep large or heavy objects close to the chest when carrying them. 
5. 5 
   Switch arms frequently if you are carrying something with only one arm. 
6. 6 
   Keep backpacks and purses as light as possible, and balance the weight on both sides as much as possible, or alternate from side to side. 
7. 7 
   When carrying a backpack, avoid leaning forward or rounding the shoulders. If the weight feels like too much, consider using a rolling backpack with wheels. 

1. 1 
   Use a firm mattress for proper back support, but remember that individual preference is very important. 
2. 2 
   Try to sleep on your back. Sleeping on the side will damage your posture after enough repetitions. Sleeping on your back will help straighten your shoulders, and it is usually more comfortable for the back than sleeping on the stomach. 
3. 3 
   Use a pillow to provide proper support and alignment for the head and shoulders. 
4. 4 
   Consider putting a rolled-up towel under the neck and a pillow under the knees to better support the spine. 
5. 5 
   If sleeping on the side, a relatively flat pillow placed between the legs will help keep the spine aligned and straight. 

   Tips

   • Always imagine that a string coming from the top of your head is pulling you gently up towards the ceiling. Visualization techniques like these are helpful. 
   • Don't slouch when you walk. Be sure to try to walk as if you had a book balancing on your head. 
   • Be patient with yourself. Correcting poor posture can take a long time, especially if you've had bad posture for years. 
   • You can have someone tape a giant X on your back from one shoulder to the opposite hip. Then put a straight line of tape across your shoulders closing the top of the X. Wear this during the day, to help retrain your back. This works really well if you hold shoulders back before taping, use wide non stretch tape and ideally change tape each day. 
   • Don't tighten up your muscles when you are assuming a straight posture. It will only stress the joints and muscles themselves and this affects the skeleton, therefore your posture and even the way you move and breathe. Try to eventuallyrelaxinto it but if you experience back pains, stop it! You are probably causing unnecessary muscle tension. It is important to differentiate between back pains, and muscle exhaustion. Since the correct posture is foreign, the muscles needed to maintain that posture might not be strong enough yet. A guideline for this is that if it strains you to breath, realign your posture. Let the breath guide you, it needs to feel good! It can take weeks to strengthen the muscle imbalances and this is very tough work, but worth it in the end. 
   • If your head is hanging, you can't be properly aligned. Keep your head at the level that allows you to look directly ahead without having to turn your eyes up. If you cannot do this without feeling tension in your neck, this means you are causing unnecessary muscle tension. 
   • A great side benefit of keeping your head straight, and your ears/shoulders/hips aligned is an improvement in your self-esteem and attitude. If you walk with your head up, you appear more confident, and feel more confident, which improves your attitude and mood, making it easier to walk with your head up. 
   • Try these steps to get in alignment: push your shoulders forward, then bring them straight up, then bring them straight back, then bring them straight down. Feel good? If your shoulders feel slightly stiff or tense you may have unnecessary muscle tension. 
   • If you need help remembering to keep your posture, think of a unique object or color. Every time you think of that object, check your posture. 
   • Try focusing on your calves. Let your posture and balance rely more on your calves. Try to feel an at ease attitude, and put a bounce in your step. You'll find that it will free up the rest of your upper body to relax and assume a more upright posture that takes pressure from your back, shoulders and neck, and works on your ab muscles. This is awesome, since strong calves and abs rock! 
   • Consider wearing a special shirt designed to aid posture; such a shirt is a training aid that strengthens your back muscles and makes your shoulders work to maintain proper posture throughout the day. 
   • Some people are born with one of two embryological foot structures (Rothbarts Foot or the Preclinical Clubfoot Deformity) that results in bad posture. This can be corrected using an innovative, non-surgical, non-drug intervention referred to as Rothbarts Proprioceptive Therapy. 
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    Warnings

   • Do not keep doing exercises if you feel pain, clicking joints, pulled muscles or more than a slight fatigue! This will not get you there faster. Instead it will frustrate you and make you less likely to continue the exercises, as well as cause serious injury. If you can only do 3 reps, do 3 reps when you get up, and 3 after breakfast, and three just before you leave the house. Tomorrow or the next day, you'll be able to do 4. Then 7, then 10. 
   • Anyone with current or previous back, neck, knee or pelvic injuries should not attempt to correct their posture themselves. This could further damage the body. Contact your doctor or other movement education professional before trying to tamper with your alignment. 
   • There are many points concerning the proprioceptive sense that are difficult to describe in words and even more difficult to understand and translate into motion. If exercises on this page do not have the result of easier movement, including an increased range of motion that you can immediately sense, stop and seek professional help from properly trained practitioners and teachers to improve your posture rather than indefinitely repeating the directions here. 
   • Recommended by doctors and covered by insurance are the fields of physical therapy and osteopathy. Other established fields which may be covered by insurance though are unverified by scientific trials include chiropractic, acupuncture and the Alexander Technique (which specializes in posture improvement). In addition, there are many alternative fields designed with the intention of improving posture and fitness that are unverified by scientific trials and not yet recognized by insurance companies. 
   • When committing to a course of posture improvement, checking references of the advice you are following is advised. The peers of a particular field will recommend a practitioner who has been properly trained and licensed. Gaining a personal reference of effectiveness is also recommended, even when referred to a certain area of treatment or study by your doctor. 

   Sources and Citations

   • CNN.com- Core exercises: Beyond your average abs routine 
   • HowToImprovePosture.com - 4 Virtues for doing Exercises to Improve Posture 
   • ergologic.net - A structured approach for improving your posture - Application to daily activities, and illustrated exercises 
   • wikihow.com - How To Improve Your Posture 

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